Soviet Union

Salyut 7

‘Salyut 7’ Honours Space Endeavour

Who doesn’t have a penchant for space adventure flicks, huh? In fact, I have proof that I have always been intrigued by space stuff and the idea of space exploration though it’s always been a dream to ride a spacecraft, or at best, even visit a space museum (yup, that’s on my bucket list), or experienced zero-gravity (another moonshot), but the closest that I could get to experiencing space travel was the movie theatres! In Alphonso Querón’s brilliant narration of Gravity about two American astronauts who get stranded after their space shuttle is destructed, showcased the pitfalls of space exploration in all its glory, in which, whether you live or die is a matter of the choices you make. This and several movies later you realize that films are much more than just crucibles of entertainment but actually educational channels. Another movie I’d definitely to mention is the awesome Apollo 13.

In much the same mould of depicting space endeavours, Salyut 7 is a masterpiece portrayal of events surrounding the salvaging of the doomed space station Salyut 7 in 1985. You might have already guessed it from the image, but the noteworthy aspect of this defining blockbuster is that it comes from Russia and not Hollywood as most might have expected it. It begins with a spacewalk by Svetlana Savitskaya, the first woman to perform a spacewalk ever, and cosmonaut Vladimir Fyodorov. Later, a cosmic occurrence renders the ill-fated space station without power and disaster strikes. At which point, the Soviets are wondering whether to shoot a missile at the floating metal and prevent it from falling it into the hands of the Americans or take the unprecedented route and bring it back to life. Although, at the heart of the mission is a complex issue of docking with a 20-ton metal structure in space that spinning on its axis faster than a Ferris wheel. So the cosmonauts are trained in a simulator with the exact parameters, they keep failing until Fyodorov is included in this impracticable mission partnering his fellow cosmonaut Viktor Alyokhin. They are foretold they only have enough fuel for 3 attempts but it’s so critical for the rendezvous to happen flawlessly unless the Soviet military shoots down the ‘dead’ space station hurtling metal debris into low space orbit, or risk falling it into the hands of the Americans who are launching a Space Shuttle to salvage it.

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Energia/Buran

Buran – The End of The Space-Race Age

Exactly on this day, 30 years ago, the Soviet Union under the Buran programme (meaning “snowstorm}, or “blizzard”) launched the Orbiter K1 (or OK-1K1), a reusable spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in response to NASA’s space shuttle program. If the Sputnik marked the beginning of the space race, then the Buran ended it conclusively, and in the process proved once again that the Soviets could match, or even surpass, the technological prowess of the west on their own. As history suggests, NASA’s Space Shuttle programme had an enormous payload capacity, several times that of the previous US launch vehicles, which made the Soviet military suspicious about its military purposes which provoked them to build one of their own reusable spacecraft. But unfortunately, 1988 was the first and the only time that the unmanned OK-1K1 would lift-off and land in a fully automated mode, a first for any space shuttle variant. On the other hand, the Buran-class spacecraft used the expendable Energia super-heavy lift launch vehicles fitted with the RD-170 liquid-fuel rocket engines, considered the most powerful in the world even today. 

Despite its structural resemblance to NASA’s spaceplanes, the difference between the two orbiters was evident in the payload capacity in which, the Buran proved to be more efficient with a volume of over 90 tons which was due to the use of the Energia vehicle. All things considered, in spite of the ‘Cold War’ rivalry the Soviets developed a pretty advanced space vehicle to surprise the west again; who could forget the supersonic Tupolev Tu-144, the ‘Concordski‘. Quite disappointingly though, this fabulous spacecraft met with a climactic ending when the Buran OK-1K1 was destroyed in 2002 with the roof of its hangar at Baikonur collapsing and crushing underneath the lasting memories of the space-race era.
Buran vs STS Stats

A quick comparison of the OK-1K1 vehicle and the Space Shuttle

Featured Photo: Scale drawings of Russian cosmoplan complex Energia/Buran