ISRO

So Close Yet…Not Done!

Chandrayaan-2
Vikram (lander) with Pragyan (rover)

I never thought I’d write this post on a sombre note because along with the rest of a billion folks I was cheering for the Chandrayaan-2 and the Vikram landing. But space exploration is nothing if not a game for cantankerous nerves and success is never taken for granted. The ‘Vikram’ lander was primed for a precise touch down on the southern pole of the Lunar surface which was to be done autonomously.

Now comes the crucial part. The lander was descending at a high speed and was programmed to brake to descend slowly, hover and then land softly on the rocky, cold and dark lunar surface. From the mission control, after the ‘Rough Braking’ phase ended at 2.1 km the green dot on the red trajectory line wobbled and suddenly dropped vertically, I knew right then that something had gone wrong. It brought a lump to my throat when I watched the ISRO chairman approach the PM of India in the viewing gallery and my worst fears had come true. Losing communication with the lander obviously meant it had crashed but there was still a glimmer of hope because the orbiter was still communicating with the lander. Only 3 nations before this have had the privilege to land spacecraft on the Moon and India came very close in achieving that rare feat today! Her day would come pretty soon.

My fingers crossed bu the lander Vikram has been lost in all probability although the orbiter would continue sending pictures of the Lunar surface for the next year. That to me is a resounding success for the Chandrayaan-2 mission. There were several aspects linked to the success of the indigenously-designed ‘Pragyan’ rover as well including confirming data of the presence of water for setting up a future moon-base. Now all eyes would be transfixed on ISRO finding success in their next mission (especially, Gaganyaan), that’d cool the sting of this Lunar setback and put it on the backburner forever. More power to the scientists at ISRO!

GSLV-III And India’s Human Spaceflight Dream

GSLV Mk.III launching from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

Always the one to glorify any news relating to advances made in science & space technology, I couldn’t hide my emotions when I read about the successful mission of one of India’s heaviest launch vehicle systems the GSLV-III (aka GSLV Mark III) which placed a communication satellite payload to its GEO orbit, the 3,423 kg (7,546 lb) GSAT 29. However, when this 13-storey tall heavy rocket took-off from the Satish Dhawan Space Center it not only connected the country’s remotest, most crucial parts with a high-speed network it also marked a step closer in achieving the goal of putting ‘Vyomanauts’ into space.

One of the most ambitious ISRO projects is the proposed manned mission into space, that will lift-off on a homegrown launch vehicle; the GSLV-III, with an all-Indian crew. The project has been named Gaganyaan or ‘sky craft’ and a planned date for the launch is 2022. If you want to truly understand the significance of today’s launch you will have to go back to the 90s when India was prevented from gaining access to the cryogenic engine technology by the US from Russia’s Glavkosmos which cited the dual purpose use of the technology and prohibited its transfer under the provisions of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). That pushed back the development of the GSLV rockets by decades. 

The GSLV-III handles payloads of up to 4-5 tons into the GEO orbit with the cryogenic upper stage providing the extra thrust required by the rocket to carry heavier payloads into deeper space. That (second) stage is designated as ‘C-25’ and contains the CE-20 cryogenic rocket engine which was developed indigenously. It’s one of the most powerful cryogenic upper stages in the world today.

India has plans to orbit an Indian crew into space in 2022 and that mission will be accomplished by GSLV-III (nicknamed ‘Bahubali’). Meanwhile, this mighty launch vehicle is also slated to carry another most anticipated lunar probe with a rover landing, the Chandrayaan 2 in January 2019. In all of this, today’s successful flight of the GSLV-III rocket indeed brings India closer to its human spaceflight dream. Vyomanauts! Let’s go!!

Some GSLV-III stats in a nutshell:

  • Height – 43.4 m
  • Mass – 640,000 kg
  • Payload to LEO – 8,000 kg
  • Payload to GTO – 4,000 kg
  • Stages – 3
  • Boosters – 2x S200

Photo – Indian Space Research Organization